''Callicore'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

nymphalid The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a redu ...

butterfly found in the

Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In bi ...

. This genus, like some related ones, was formerly lumped together as the

paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...

'' Catagramma'' assemblage. Species in this genus are commonly called eighty-eights or numberwings like the related genera ''

Diaethria ''Diaethria'' is a brush-footed butterfly genus found in the Neotropical realm, ranging from Mexico to Paraguay. Species in this genus are commonly called eighty-eights like the related genera '' Callicore'' and ''Perisama'', in reference to th ...

'' and '' Perisama'', in reference to the characteristic patterns on the hindwing undersides of many. In ''Callicore'', the pattern consists of bluish dots surrounded by black and looks more like "αB" or "8°", though some members of this genus have a completely different arrangement of dots. The forewing undersides vary little between species, being black with one or two broad orange-yellow bands in the

basal Basal or basilar is a term meaning ''base'', ''bottom'', or ''minimum''. Science * Basal (anatomy), an anatomical term of location for features associated with the base of an organism or structure * Basal (medicine), a minimal level that is nec ...

part and one thin and one very faint yellowish band near the apex. '' C. hydarnis'' is listed as an endangered species in

Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is a state in Southeastern Brazil. It ranks as the second most populous, the third by gross domestic product (GDP), and the fourth largest by area in the country. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte (literall ...

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

Species

Listed alphabetically within species groups:"''Callicore'' Hübner, [1819]"
at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' The ''atacama'' species group: * ''Callicore atacama">819]"">"''Callicore'' Hübner, [1819]"
at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms'' The ''atacama'' species group: * ''Callicore atacama'' (Hewitson, 1852) – yellow-banded eighty-eight * ''Callicore felderi'' (Hewitson, 1864) – 8-spot numberwing * ''Callicore hesperis'' (Guérin, 1844) – hesperis eighty-eight The ''cyllene'' species group: * ''Callicore pygas'' (Godart, 824 – pygas eighty-eight The ''cynosura'' species group: * '' Callicore astarte'' (Cramer, 1779) – Astarte eighty-eight * ''

Callicore cynosura ''Callicore cynosura'', the BD butterfly or Cynosura eighty-eight, is a species of butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. The common name refers to the markings on the underside of the hindwings, which resemble the letters "B" and "D". It is found ...

'' (Doubleday & Hewitson, 1847) – Cynosura eighty-eight * '' Callicore excelsior'' (Hewitson, 1857) – excelsior eighty-eight or superb numberwing * '' Callicore ines'' (Hopp, 1922) * '' Callicore sorana'' (Godart, 1832) – Sorana eighty-eight The ''hydarnis'' species group *'' Callicore hydarnis'' (Godart, 824 The ''hydaspes'' species group: * '' Callicore brome'' (Doyère, 840 – four-spotted eighty-eight * '' Callicore hydaspes'' (Drury, 1782) – Hydaspes eighty-eight * '' Callicore lyca'' (Doubleday, 847 – Aegina numberwing * '' Callicore maronensis'' (Oberthür, 1916) The ' species group: * '' Callicore cyclops'' (Staudinger, 1891) * '' Callicore '' (Latreille, 1811) – two-eyed eighty-eight The ''texa'' species group: * '' Callicore texa'' (Hewitson, 1854) – Texa eighty-eight The ''tolima'' species group: * '' Callicore eunomia'' (Hewitson, 1853) – Eunomia eighty-eight * '' Callicore hystaspes'' (Fabricius, 1781) – Hystaspes eighty-eight * '' Callicore tolima'' (Hewitson, 1851) – blue-and-orange eighty-eight

Gallery

File:Callicoreastarte.jpg, Astarte eighty-eight,
'' C. astarte'', upperside File:Callicoreaeginasalamis.jpg, Aegina numberwing,
'' C. l. salamis'', underside File:Callicoreeunomia.jpg, Eunomia eighty-eight,
'' C. eunomia'', underside File:Pastazzauns.jpg, Superb numberwing,
'' C. e. pastazza'', underside File:NymphalidOslo.jpg, Cynosura eighty-eight,
'' C. cynosura'', underside Callicore pygas, Iguazu Falls Brazil.jpg, Pygas eighty-eight,
('' C. pygas'')

Iguazu Falls Iguazú Falls or Iguaçu Falls ( gn, Chororõ Yguasu , es, Cataratas del Iguazú, links=no ; pt, Cataratas do Iguaçu ) are waterfalls of the Iguazu River on the border of the Argentine province of Misiones and the Brazilian state of Paran� ...

References

* Casagrande, M. M., Mielke, O. H. H., & Brown, K. S., Jr. (1998). Butterflies (Lepidoptera) considered as threatened in Minas Gerais, Brazil (in Portuguese). ''Revista Brasileira de Zoologia'', 15(1), 241-259. * Garwood, K. M., Lehman, Carter, W., & Carter, G. (2007). ''Butterflies of Southern Amazonia''. Mission, Texas: Neotropical Butterflies. * Lamas, G., ed. 2004. ''Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 4A Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea''. Gainesville: Scientific Publishers/Association of Tropical Lepidoptera.

External links

images representing ''Callicore''
at

Consortium for the Barcode of Life The Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) was an international initiative dedicated to supporting the development of DNA barcoding as a global standard for species identification. CBOL's Secretariat Office is hosted by the National Museum of ...

''Callicore''
Tree of Life

in Japanese but with

binomial name In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

s. {{Taxonbar, from=Q258624 Biblidinae Nymphalidae of South America Nymphalidae genera Taxa named by Jacob Hübner